Subchronic Toxicity of Methanol Extract From Erythrina Variegata (Leguminosae) Leaves on Male Wistar Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) |
Full Text |
Abstract
Erythrina variegata is a herbal plant commonly used in Indonesia traditional medicine for treatment malaria disease. Acute toxicity test results showed that the methanol extract of E. variegata leaves categorized as practically nontoxic. In this study, we investigated sub chronic toxicity of the extract on male Wistar rats and the procedure based on guidelines of OECD 408 (1998) and EPA OPPTS 870.3100 (1998) for 90 constitutive days. The rats are classified into four dose groups were 0 (control), 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight with each group consist of five test animals. The results do not show toxic signs either behavior or body weight changed. Hematological analysis and clinical blood chemistry revealed slightly changes but were within the normal limits, except for BUN and SGPT values. Histopathological examination showed an increased damage of liver and kidney cells in form hydropic degeneration, fatty degeneration, as well as necrosis along with increased of extract doses that significantly different with control (p<0.05). However, the damage is reversible and was assumed had not has relations with the treatment. Thus, orally administration of E. variegata extract by dosage 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg BW did not cause subchronic toxicity on male Wistar rats.
Keywords
References
Anitha, J. & Jayraaj, I.A. (2012). Toxicity Evaluation of Earthworm Powder (Eudrillus euginae) in Wistar Male Rat. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 1, 1-5.
Arthur, F.K.N., Woode, E., Terlabi, E.O. & Larbie. C. (2011). Evaluation of acute and subchronic toxicity of Annona muricata (Linn.) aqueous extract in animals. European Journal Experimental Biology,1(4), 115-124.
Elyazar, I.R.F., Hay, S.I. & Baird, J.K. (2011). Malaria Distribution, Prevalence, Drug Resistance and Control in Indonesia. Advances in Parasitology, 74, 41â175.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1998. Health Effects Test Guidelines OPPTS 870.3100 Repeated Dose 90âDay Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents. Washington, C.D.
Herlina, T., Supratman, U., Subarnas, A. & Sutardjo, S. (2007a). Aktivitas Antimalaria dari Dadap Ayam (Erythrina variegata). Majalah Kedokteran Bandung, 39 (1), 9-14.
Herlina, T., Supratman, U., Subarnas, A., Sutardjo, S. & Abdullah, N.R. (2007b). Aktivitas Antimalaria Daun Erythrina variegata. Jurnal Natur Indonesia, 10 (1), 36-41.
Herlina, T., Supratman, U., Soedjanaatmadja, M.S.U., Subarnas, A., Sutardjo, S., Abdullah, N.R. & Hayashi, H. (2009). Antimalarial Compound from The Stem Bark of Erythrina variegata. Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 9 (2), 308-311.
Herlina T, Nurlelasari, Maharani R, Supratman U, Subarnas A, Sutardjo S, Syafruddin, Abdullah NR, Hayashi H. 2008. Antimalarial activity and acute toxicity from the leaves of Erythrina variegata, Proceeding Seminar Indonesian Studentsâ Scientific Meeting (ISSM 2008), âSustainable development in Indonesia: An interdisciplinary Approachâ. May 13-15, 2008, Delft, The Netherlands. 272-274
Herlina, T., Nurlelasari, Kurnia, D., Supratman, U. & Udin, Z. (2011a). In vitro anticancer and antimalarial Erystagallin-A from Erythrina variegata (L.) stem bark, Medicinal Plants, An International Journal of Phytomedicines and Related Industries, 3 (1), 9-13. Print ISSN 0975-4261, Online ISSN 0975-6892.
Herlina, T., Supratman, U., Syafruddin & Udin, Z. (2011b). In vitro antimalarial activity of alkaloids from Erythrina variegata against Plasmodium falciparum. Proceeding of International Conference on Basic Science (ICBS): âThe Role of Basic Science in Health, Environment, and Advance Technology, February, 17-18th, 2011, Malang, Indonesia. 97-100. ISBN: 978-602-97628-5-3.
Herlina, T., Supratman, U., Subarnas, A., Sutardjo, S., Abdullah, N.R. & Hayashi, H. (2011c). Aktivitas antimalaria triterpenoid pentasiklik dari daun Erythrina variegata, Jurnal Ilmu Dasar, 12(2), 161-166. ISSN 1411-5735.
Herlina, T., Nurlelasari, Kurnia, D., Supratman, U., Syafruddin & Udin, Z. (2011d). Triterpenoid pentasiklik dan steroid glikosida dari daun Erytrhina variegata yang beraktifitas antikanker dan antimalaria secara in vitro. Prosiding Seminar Nasional dan Pameran Integratif Pangan, Kesehatan, dan Lingkungan, Bandung, 17-18 Maret 2011. 176-182. ISBN: 978-602-19413-0-0.
Jaijoy, K., Soonthornchareonnon, N., Lertprasertsuke, N., Panthong, A. & Sireeratawong, S. (2010). Acute and chronic oral toxicity of standardized water extract from the fruit of Phyllanthus emblica Linn. International Journal of Applied Research in Natural Products, 3 (1), 48-58.
Jaijoy, K., Vannasiri, S., Piyabhan, P., Lerdvuthisopon, N., Boonraeng, S., Khonsung, P., Lertprasertsuke, N. & Sireeratawong, S. (2011). Acute and subchronic toxicity study of the water extract from the fruits of Piper chaba Hunter in rats. International Journal of Applied Research in Natural Products, 3 (4), 29-35.
Johnson-Delaney CA. (1998). Special rodents. in: CA. Johnson-Delaney, LR. Harrison (Eds.) Exotic companion medicine handbook for veterinarians (supplement). Zoological Education Network, Lake Worth (FL), 17â38.
Kausar, M.W., Moeed, K., Asif, N., Rizwi, F. & Raza, S. (2010). Correlation of bilirubin with liver enzymes in patients of falciparum malaria. International Journal of Pathology, 8 (2), 63â67
Kee, J.L. (2007). Buku Pedoman Pemeriksaan Laboratorium dan Diagnostik Edisi 6. Penerbit EGC: Jakarta.
Kumar, A., Lingadurai, S., Jain, A. & Barman, N.R. (2010). Erythrina variegata Linn: A review on morphology, phytochemistry, and pharmacological aspects. Phcognosy Review, 4 (8), 147â152.
Levin, S., Bucci, T.J., Cohen, S.M., Fix, A.S., Hardisty, J..F, LeGrand, E.K., Maronpot, R.R. & Trump, B.F. (1999). The nomenclature of cell death: recommendations of an ad hoc Committee of the Society of Toxicologic Pathologists. Toxicol Pathol. 27(4), 484-490.
Lu, F.C. & Kacew, S. (2012). Luâs Basic Toxicology: Fundamentals, Target Organs and Risk Assessment 6th ed. Taylor & Francis, London.
Nurianti, Y., Hendrani. R., Sukandar, E.Y. & Anggadiredja. K. (2014). Acute and Subchronic Oral Toxicity Studies of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Sonchus arvensis L. Leaves. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences,6(5), 343-347.
Ogbonnia, S.O., Mbaka, G.O., Anyika, E.N., Emordi, J.E. & Nwakakwa, N. (2011). An evaluation of acute and subchronic toxicities of a Nigerian polyherbal tea remedy. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 10, 1022â1028. DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2011.1022.1028.
Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD/OCDE) 408. 1998. Guidelines For The Testing Of Chemicals: Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents. France.
Renne, R., Brix, A., Harkema, J., Herbert, R., Kittle, B., Lewis, D., March, T., Nagano, K., Pino, M., Rittinghausen, S., Rosenbruch, M., Tellier, P. & Wohrmann, T. (2009). Proliferative and nonproliferative lesions of the rat and mouse respiratory tract. Toxicol Pathol. 37(suppl), 5S-73S.
Sharma, A., Hirulkar, N.B., Wadel, P. & Das, P. (2011). Influence of Hyperglycemia on Renal Function Parameter in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Pharmaceutical & Biological Archieves, 2 Supplement 2, 734-739.
Sireeratawong, S., Jaijoy, K., Khonsung, P., Lertprasertsuk, N. & Ingkaninan, K. (2016). Acute and chronic toxicities of Bacopa monnieri extract in Sprague-Dawley rats. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 16:249 DOI 10.1186/s12906-016-1236-4
Suryawanshi, H.P. & Patel, M.R. (2011). Traditional Uses, Medicinal and Phytopharmacological Properties of Erythrina indica Lam.:An Overview. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda & Pharmacy, 2(5), 1531-1533
World Health Organization. 2015. World Malaria Report 2015. WHO Press. Switzerland.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2017.12.1.349
Article Metrics
This article has been viewed: 1093 (times)
PDF file viewed / downloaded: 923 (times)
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2017 Molekul
 | Molekul Jurnal Ilmiah Kimia |  This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. |
|---|